Read 'em and weep, folks! I couldn't help but cringe a bit as I reviewed the P&C insurance industry's consolidated results for the first three quarters of 2011. It was bad news galore. Even the few bits of “good” news had a negative tinge.

Let's start with the bottom line. Net income fell by over two-thirds, down from $27.1 billion in the first nine months of 2010 to a relatively paltry $8 billion last year. That sent the industry's rate of return plummeting to a measly 1.9 percent, compared with a below-average but respectable 6.8 percent in 2010.

How did this happen? Well, net underwriting losses, fueled by massive catastrophe claims, ballooned nearly six times—from $6.3 billion in 2010 to $34.9 billion last year. That sent the combined ratio skyrocketing from 101.2 to 109.9—the worst nine-month figure since 2001, according to the Insurance Services Office (ISO) and the Property Casualty Insurers Association of America (PCI), which reports on industry-wide results each quarter.

I admit there were mitigating circumstances to consider. Unusually high catastrophe losses were clearly a prime factor in the industry's poor showing thus far for 2011, tripling from $10.8 billion through the first nine months of 2010 to a staggering $33.2 billion last year. However, ISO noted that even if cat losses last year had been the same as they were in 2010, the combined ratio would still have risen 1.7 points through nine months to 102.9, which is nothing to write home about.

The industry may also take some comfort from the fact that the rate of return was impacted by severely negative numbers posted by mortgage and financial-guaranty carriers. Excluding those insurers, the rate of return was actually 3 percent. But that was still down considerably from the 7.8 percent posted in 2010—again, nothing to brag about.

Under these conditions, it's no wonder policyholder surplus was drained a bit, falling $20.6 billion (3.7 percent) from year-end 2010 to a still hefty $538.6 billion after nine months last year. The industry likely remains overcapitalized given the slow growth in insurable exposures, but the big question is what insurers will do with that excess capacity.

There are additional dark clouds on the horizon. One big one is the fact that more insurers are in the process of turning over their bond portfolios as their underlying holdings mature. But with interest rates so low these days, the returns on the new bonds are not nearly as lucrative as were the ones they are replacing.

Indeed, the effects of low interest rates are already being felt. Net investment income through nine months—primarily stock dividends and bond interest—was up just $1.3 billion (3.5 percent) to $36.5 billion, but it's not clear whether insurers can count on even that high of a return going forward.

The good news (at least for sellers, but not buyers of insurance) is that higher prices in both commercial and personal lines for many accounts boosted net written premiums by 3.1 percent over the first nine months of 2011—the highest growth rate posted since 2006. It certainly beat 2010's 1.2 percent gain and 2009's 4.6 percent decline. In addition, after excluding those nasty mortgage and financial-guaranty results once again, those writing primarily commercial lines saw premium volume rise by 3.9 percent, compared to a decline of 1.9 percent the previous year.

However, temper that with the news that those primarily writing personal lines saw growth slow a bit to 3.1 percent, down from 3.6 percent in 2010. And keep in mind that even without the effects of catastrophes, insured losses and loss-adjustment expenses were up 5.1 percent—which means the industry overall is still losing ground.

So where does that leave the P&C industry going into 2012? That depends on a number of factors:

• Is the nine-month surplus decline indicative of the P&C industry consciously burning through excess capital, or is it just the result of a bad year of cat losses?

• Will insurers have the underwriting discipline to walk away from underpriced risks or seek greater market share by competing more aggressively on price, undermining the staying power of what has been a firming commercial and personal lines market?

• Will insurers raise prices high enough to make up for rising losses and weaker bond yields so they can produce a decent rate of return for a change?

Of course, all bets are off if the fragile U.S. economic recovery stalls thanks to the crises in the Eurozone, a petering out of federal stimulus funds, cuts in state-government spending, a lingering housing-market slump, a federal-government paralysis in this election year, or any combination of these and other factors yet to emerge.

The other major factor will be what happens with cat losses in 2012. Last year may have been unusual in terms of disaster losses, but then again, given the speculation about climate change, might this be the “new normal” for insurers? And even though disaster claims soared last year, outside of Hurricane Irene, we didn't have a monster storm slam into the U.S. mainland. If one should hit Florida or the Gulf Coast (or even New York—Irene was way too close a call for someone like me living near Brooklyn's beaches), industry surplus could be drained in a hurry.

As the top insurance company chief executives and heads of the major associations come together for their annual family reunion this week—better known as the P&C Joint Industry Forum—it will be interesting to hear what's on their minds. Most likely, it will be anything but business as usual for insurers in 2012, having to cope with the threat of mounting cat exposures, declining bond-investment returns and an uncertain economic recovery.

And a Happy New Year to you, too!

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