(Bloomberg) — Almost two years after an unattended oil train derailed and exploded in Quebec, killing 47 people, the U.S. and Canadian governments jointly set new rules designed to make railroad tank cars safer.

Cars built after 2015 must have thicker steel walls, more protection at the ends, tougher valves and other safety features to reduce the risk of punctures. Tankers now in use would be phased out on a staggered schedule depending on the type of car and the flammability of the commodity carried.

The rules are a "significant improvement over the current regulations," and will make hauling crude by rail safer, U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said in a statement.

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