Significant capital losses in the fourth quarter of 2008 will cause property-casualty insurers to raise prices, prompting a hard market by the middle of the year, security analysts at Sandler O'Neill banking predicted today.

The analysts' report said p-c insurers suffered from losses as high as 20 percent in their investment portfolios in 2008, but that on a price-to-book ratio many p-c insurers are trading at levels not seen since the 1970s.

Back then, interest rates were much higher, noted the analysis by Paul Newsome, a managing director, and Edward Shields, associate director, at Sandler O'Neill in Chicago.

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