(Bloomberg) — Volkswagen AG may have to do more than fix half-a-million cars implicated in an emissions-cheating scandal: It also could be forced to undo the environmental damage.

Environmental and consumer groups are pushing the federal government to consider a long list of possible reparations, from a VW-funded program to build the infrastructure to power electric cars to high fines to cleaning up five times the amount of pollution released by the dirty diesel engines.

"The clean-air reparations must be so large that Volkswagen or other companies will never again be tempted to cheat," said Frank O'Donnell, president of Clean Air Watch, an environmental group based in Washington.

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