The old adage claims there is an exception to every rule, but in measuring an insurance carrier's appetite for risk, too many exceptions slow the process of policy issuance and too few exceptions create risks the carrier might not be interested in carrying.

Such is the challenge for rules-based underwriting and exception-based underwriting, which Deloitte principal John Lucker describes as "intertwined." Rules-based underwriting uses a mainstream process flow and is more narrowly designed to include the basic rules a company has established in its underwriting department to induce straight-through processing. Information enters the underwriting process, and the rules-based system reviews the information and processes a logic flow.

Exception-based underwriting, explains Lucker, takes place when data proceeds through the normal flow and the system detects something different about the particular policy application. The system automatically channels that risk to either a human underwriter or a subordinate process to deal with it.

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