Describes what constructive total loss is, supported by case findings in marine, homeowners, property and automobile physical damage.

Discusses when extra expense is incurred.

Discusses optional business income endorsements.

Discusses the development and use of Business Income coverage.

Checklist to ensure all business income issues are addressed.

Efficient proximate cause is often confusing. This chart reviews cases by state, and provides statute for the few states with statutes on the books.

A question of how to determine what damage was from the hurricane and what was from a flood.

Brief synopsis of 2021 insurance industry results from ISO and the American Property Casualty Insurance Association,

An agent misbehaves in order to increase commissions.

Will coverage apply for damage due to ice damming when the roof membrane is excluded due to wear and tear?